✅ Diabetes Mellitus – 100 MCQs (Part 2) with Answers
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यहाँ Diabetes Mellitus – MCQ Part 2 (100 नए प्रश्न+उत्तर) दिया जा रहा है।
ये पूरी तरह नए, exam-oriented, high-quality questions हैं — UPSC/SSC/State PCS/Medical Entrance के लिए उपयोगी।
✅ Diabetes Mellitus – 100 MCQs (Part 2) with Answers
MCQ Set (1–25)
-
Insulin किस प्रकार का hormone है?
Ans: Peptide hormone -
Pancreas में β-cells कहाँ स्थित होते हैं?
Ans: Islets of Langerhans -
Type 1 DM में insulin deficiency कैसी होती है?
Ans: Absolute -
Type 2 DM में deficiency कैसी होती है?
Ans: Relative -
Diabetes का सबसे सामान्य diagnostic symptom?
Ans: Polyuria -
कौन-सा organ glucose uptake के लिए insulin पर निर्भर नहीं?
Ans: Brain -
Prolonged uncontrolled diabetes में किस organ को सबसे पहले नुकसान?
Ans: Eyes -
Diabetic ketoacidosis में respiration pattern?
Ans: Kussmaul breathing -
DKA में bicarbonate level?
Ans: Low -
Type 1 diabetes का classic triad?
Ans: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss -
किस drug class से वजन कम होता है?
Ans: GLP-1 agonists -
Metformin का सबसे common side effect?
Ans: GI upset (nausea, diarrhea) -
Sulfonylureas का risk?
Ans: Hypoglycemia -
सबसे rapidly acting insulin?
Ans: Aspart -
Glargine एक किस प्रकार का insulin है?
Ans: Long-acting -
कौन-सी disease diabetes से strongly associated है?
Ans: Hypertension -
Insulin resistance किस adipokine से बढ़ती है?
Ans: TNF-α -
सबसे common genetic cause of neonatal diabetes?
Ans: KCNJ11 mutation -
Type 1 DM का peak incidence age?
Ans: 10–14 years -
Type 2 DM का key defect?
Ans: Impaired insulin action -
HbA1c testing में interference किससे?
Ans: Anemia -
Glucagon emergency में किसलिए दिया जाता है?
Ans: Severe hypoglycemia -
HHS में ketones क्यों नहीं बनते?
Ans: Insulin still present -
Diabetic nephropathy का hallmark?
Ans: Proteinuria -
ACE inhibitors का benefit?
Ans: Kidney protection
MCQ Set (26–50)
-
Gestational diabetes fetus में किस समस्या का कारण?
Ans: Macrosomia -
GDM screening किस टेस्ट से?
Ans: OGTT -
Type 1 diabetes patient किस body type का?
Ans: Lean -
Type 2 diabetes patient किस body type का?
Ans: Obese -
Chronic hyperglycemia से कौन-सा damage होता है?
Ans: Endothelial damage -
Insulin किस receptor से bind करता है?
Ans: Tyrosine kinase receptor -
Insulin के absence में कौन-सा process active होता है?
Ans: Lipolysis -
Lipolysis बढ़ने से क्या बनता है?
Ans: Ketone bodies -
GLP-1 कहाँ बनता है?
Ans: Intestine -
Diabetes का common skin condition?
Ans: Acanthosis nigricans -
Acanthosis Nigricans किसका सूचक?
Ans: Insulin resistance -
Diabetes में सबसे पहला lipid change?
Ans: Increased VLDL -
Hypoglycemia में first physiological response?
Ans: Decrease insulin secretion -
Dawn phenomenon का कारण?
Ans: Increased early morning growth hormone -
Somogyi effect के कारण?
Ans: Nighttime hypoglycemia → morning hyperglycemia -
कौन-सी complication सबसे अधिक disabling है?
Ans: Neuropathy -
“Stocking-glove pattern” किसमें?
Ans: Diabetic neuropathy -
Retinopathy screening कब से शुरू?
Ans: 5 years after diagnosis of Type 1 DM -
Type 2 DM में screening कब?
Ans: At diagnosis -
Diabetes में सबसे dangerous complication?
Ans: HHS -
DKA में anion gap?
Ans: High -
कौन-सा class weight gain करता है?
Ans: Insulin, sulfonylureas -
कौन-सा class weight loss करता है?
Ans: SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 analogs -
Most common cause of death in diabetics?
Ans: Cardiovascular disease -
Diabetic neuropathy में कौन-सा nerve fiber पहले प्रभावित?
Ans: Small fibers
MCQ Set (51–75)
-
Microalbuminuria की value?
Ans: 30–300 mg/day -
Macroalbuminuria?
Ans: >300 mg/day -
Diabetes में BP target?
Ans: <130/80 mmHg -
LDL target (high risk diabetic)?
Ans: <70 mg/dL -
Insulin को किस angle पर inject किया जाता है?
Ans: 90° -
कौन-सा insulin pregnancy में safe?
Ans: Regular + NPH -
Polyphagia क्यों होती है?
Ans: Cells unable to use glucose -
Polyuria क्यों?
Ans: Osmotic diuresis from glycosuria -
Polydipsia क्यों?
Ans: Dehydration -
Type 2 DM में insulin resistance किससे linked?
Ans: Visceral obesity -
MODY में कौन सा type सबसे common?
Ans: MODY-3 (HNF1A mutation) -
Cushing diabetes का mechanism?
Ans: Increased cortisol reduces insulin sensitivity -
Acromegaly में diabetes क्यों?
Ans: Excess GH reduces insulin action -
Best test for early nephropathy?
Ans: Urine microalbumin -
Retinopathy का treatment?
Ans: Laser photocoagulation -
Diabetic foot ulcer cause?
Ans: Neuropathy + ischemia -
Charcot foot किसमें?
Ans: Severe neuropathy -
Insulin absorption slowest from?
Ans: Buttocks -
कौन सा insulin cloudy होता है?
Ans: NPH -
कौन-सा clear होता है?
Ans: Regular insulin -
Metabolic syndrome component नहीं है—
Ans: High HDL -
Type 2 DM में pancreas की कौन-सी defect common?
Ans: Decreased incretin effect -
Insulin सबसे पहले किस organ में जाता है?
Ans: Liver -
Lipohypertrophy किससे?
Ans: Repeated injections at same site -
Neuropathic pain treatment?
Ans: Pregabalin
MCQ Set (76–100)
-
BG level in HHS?
Ans: >600 mg/dL -
pH in DKA?
Ans: <7.3 -
pH in HHS?
Ans: Normal -
Ketones highest in?
Ans: DKA -
Best prevention for diabetes?
Ans: Weight loss & exercise -
HbA1c goal in most patients?
Ans: <7% -
Elderly HbA1c goal?
Ans: <8% -
Which test can detect prediabetes earliest?
Ans: OGTT -
Which hormone opposes insulin most strongly?
Ans: Glucagon -
Which increases insulin sensitivity?
Ans: Exercise -
Which decreases insulin sensitivity?
Ans: Obesity -
Which vitamin deficiency worsens diabetes?
Ans: Vitamin D -
Honeymoon phase कब होती है?
Ans: Early after Type 1 DM treatment -
Diabetes controlled होने पर HbA1c कितने महीने बाद repeat?
Ans: Every 3 months -
Insulin pen का benefit?
Ans: Accurate dosing -
Diabetic cataract cause?
Ans: Sorbitol accumulation -
Sorbitol pathway enzyme?
Ans: Aldose reductase -
Diabetes में सबसे common GI complication?
Ans: Gastroparesis -
Gastroparesis treatment?
Ans: Metoclopramide -
Hypoglycemia unawareness किसमें common?
Ans: Long-standing diabetes -
Incretins कौन-से hormones हैं?
Ans: GLP-1, GIP -
Incretins का effect?
Ans: Increase insulin after meals -
Smoking diabetics में risk?
Ans: Increased microvascular disease -
Diabetes में कौन-सा mineral helpful?
Ans: Chromium -
Beta-cell function किस test से?
Ans: C-peptide
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